Prof. Howard B. Rock is Professor (Emeritus) of American History at Florida International University, where he taught for 40 years. He holds an M.A. and Ph.D. from New York University, and a B.A. from Brandeis University. Rock is the author of Artisans of the New Republic: The Tradesmen of New York City in the Age of Jefferson (NYU 1979); The New York City Artisan, 1789-1825: A Documentary History (SUNY 1989); Keepers of the Revolution: New Yorkers at Work in the Early Republic (Cornell, 1992); The American Artisan: Crafting Social Identity (Johns Hopkins, 1995); and Cityscapes: A History of New York in Images (NYU 2001). His most recent book, Haven of Liberty: New York Jews in the New World, 1654–1865 (NYU 2012)—the first volume in a trilogy called City of Promises: A History of the Jews of New York—was awarded the Everett Family Foundation Jewish Book of the Year Award (2013) by the National Jewish Book Council.
Last Updated
October 28, 2022
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In 1861, Rabbi Morris Raphall of New York attempted to save the Union by declaring from his pulpit that slavery was the will of God, as per the Torah’s story of the curse of Ham. Some rabbis and Jewish scholars approved of the message, but others, such as Michael Heilprin and David Einhorn, pushed back with biting criticism.
In 1861, Rabbi Morris Raphall of New York attempted to save the Union by declaring from his pulpit that slavery was the will of God, as per the Torah’s story of the curse of Ham. Some rabbis and Jewish scholars approved of the message, but others, such as Michael Heilprin and David Einhorn, pushed back with biting criticism.
