Relief from the sanctuary of the Temple of Khonsu at Karnak, depicting Ramesses III. Wikimedia
The Title “Pharaoh”
The change in usage over time and what this tells us about the biblical text.
Published: April 16, 2016
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Last Updated: September 7, 2026
For more on Egyptian kingship, see, Ronald J. Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (ed. Denise M. Doxey; Writings from the Ancient World Number 29; Atlanta: SBL 2013); David B. O'Connor and David P. Silverman, eds., Ancient Egyptian Kingship (Probleme Der Agyptologie 9; Social, Economic, and Political Studies of the Middle East 9; Leiden: Brill, 1995).
For more on Manetho, see Gary Rendsburg, “Ancient Egypt: An Overview of Its History,” TheTorah (2016).
See, Stephan Quirke, Titles and Bureaux of Egypt 1850-1700 BC (Egyptology 1; London: Golden House, 2004), 37.
Abdul R. Al-Ayedi, Index of Egyptian Administrative, Religious and Military Titles of the New Kingdom (Ismailia: Obelisk pub., 2006), 57.
